13, 14 Frich et al 14 identified 45 physician leadership programs, including 26 aimed at individuals in GME. There are numerous resources for leadership development, 11, 12 but the literature specific to undergraduate medical education and GME is limited. 10 These examples illustrate the support of graduate medical education (GME) accrediting bodies for leadership training for residents. 8 The CanMEDS framework used by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada renamed the role of “manager” to “leader.” 9 The Academy of Medical Royal Colleges developed a Medical Leadership Competency Framework (MLCF) composed of 5 categories. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) identified practice-based learning and improvement, interpersonal and communication skills, and systems-based practice as core competencies, all of which contain elements of leadership competencies. 1, 5 Without formal training, physician leadership development can occur through “accidental leadership.” 1, 6, 7 4 Some evidence also suggested residents are not prepared for informal or formal leadership roles following graduation. 1 – 3 Observational data have suggested that patient outcomes are improved with physician leadership.
There have been numerous calls to increase leadership development for physicians in training.
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